The commonly used pollution site remediation techniques include two categories: ex situ and in situ, which determines that pollution site remediation equipment is also divided into in-situ remediation devices and ex situ remediation devices. Heterotopic mainly refers to excavation and post-treatment, that is, using mechanical, manual and other means to remove soil from its original location, and then using various chemical, physical or biological methods for post-treatment, disposal and reuse. The technology of ex situ remediation involves excavation and transportation, and there is a risk of secondary pollution during the process, which has significant shortcomings. In situ repair technology has been widely applied in recent years. Since the mid-1980s, the United States has invested heavily in in-situ soil and groundwater remediation, and some new in-situ remediation technologies have emerged, such as in-situ chemical oxidation and in-situ gas-phase extraction. In situ chemical oxidation technology refers to the use of in-situ remediation devices to add chemical oxidants to the soil, which react chemically with pollutants to achieve the goal of pollutant removal and purification. This technology can simultaneously treat multiple pollutants with high treatment efficiency.

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